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Reparation (psychoanalysis)
The term reparation was used by Melanie Klein (1921) to indicate a psychological process of making mental repairs to a damaged internal world.〔Lani A. Gerity, ''Creativity and the Dissociated Patient'' (1999) p. 20〕 In object relations theory, it represents a key part of the movement from the paranoid-schizoid position to the depressive position — the pain of the latter helping to fuel the urge to reparation.〔Robert Caper, ''Immaterial Facts'' (2000) p. 117〕
==Klein==
Klein considered the ability to recognise our destructive impulses towards those we love, and to make reparation for the damage we have caused them, to be an essential part of mental health. A key condition for this to take place is the recognition of one's separateness from one's parents,〔Hanna Segal, ''Introduction to the Work of Melanie Klein'' (London 1964) p. 89〕 which makes possible the reparative attempt to restore their inner representations, however damaged these may be felt to be.〔Richard Appignanesi ed., ''Introducing Melanie Klein'' (Cambridge 2006) p. 106〕
Acceptance of reality, inner and outer, forms a major part of this process; it involves both an abandonment of fantasies of omnipotence,〔Lesley Caldwell ed., ''Winnicott and the Psychoanalytic Tradition'' (London 2007) p. 25〕 and accepting the independent existence of one's objects of attachment.〔
Where the damage done to the internal world is felt by a patient to be extreme, however, the task of reparation may seem too great — which is one of the obstacles facing the analytic attempt at cure.〔Mary Jacobus, ''The Poetics of Psychoanalysis: In the Wake of Klein'' (Oxford 2005) p. 39〕
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